A Surgeon’s Universe
Volume 2
by
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The 20th century and the beginning of the 21th century in which I live were the most tragic in term of humanity’s loss of life and at this same time the most progressive in term of the development of technology in the whole history of mankind’s existence. It was marked by World War (WW) I (1914-22), that ended in 1918 (Western Europe) and 1922 (Eastern Europe) with lost of more than 15 milllion people. This was followed by the Russian Bolshevik-Communistic Coup (Oct. 1917), the Cyvil War and the Red Terror that lasted until 1921, that created of a criminal totalitarian regime with its All-Russian Extraordinary Committee (Vse-Rossijskaya chrezvychajnaya komissiya = Cheka), the National Commissariate of Internal Affairs (Narodnyy Komissariat Vnutrennykh Del = NKVD) and the Committee of Citizen’s Security (Komitet Grazhdanskoy bezopasnosti = KGB) between 1917-93, and the Russian Camps for the Concentration and Extermination of People (CCEP), that is the Main Administration of the Experimental-Working Camps and Colonies (Glavnoe upravleniye ispytatelno-trudovykh lagerei i kolonii = GULAG) from 1917-23 until 1960, causing the 1st Ukrainian Famine of 1921-22, political repressions and persecution of 1929-34, the 2nd Ukrainian Famine (Holodomor) – Genocide of 1932-33, political repressions and persecutions of 1936-39 (the Great Terror) and the 3rd Ukrainian Famine of 1946-47, and stained with the blood of 80 million people. Then came the III Reich or Nazi Germany (1935-45), creation of German CCEP, WW-2 (1938-45), that caused the deaths of 60 million people across the world. This included the Slavic (mostly Ukrainians, Belorusans, Russians and Poles) Genocide with the lost of 30 million people and the Jewish Holocaust with the lost of about 6 million people. The Nazi Germany was directly responsible for death of 45 million people. The noble events began in 1900 with Thomas H. Morgan (1966-1945) — American embryologist, discovering the role of chromosome in heredity, Alexis Carrel (1873-1944) — French and American experimental surgeon, anastomosing the blood vessels in «end-to-end» fashion (1902); carrying out combined heart-lung transplantation (1907), designing methods of organ transplantation (1908), proving the possibility of preserving the blood vessels in a cold solutions before transplantation (1910), indicatng the possibility of improving blood flow to the ischemic, due to coronary artery disease (CAD), heart muscle (myocardium), by performing coronary artery bypass (CAB) grafting using the external carotid artery between the ascending aorta (AA) and the left anterior descending (LAD) artery (1910). Thereafter occured the flight of aeroplane on March (Mar.) 31, 1903 by Richard Pearse (1877- 1953) — New Zealand farmer and inventor, and the flight of aeroplane on May 3, 1903 by brothers Wilbur (1867-1912) and Orville (1871-1948) Wright — American inventors; discovery of the special (1905) and the general (1915) theory of relativity by Albert Einstein (1879-1955) — Jewish physicist, based on the equation of E = mc2,where E = energy, m = mass and c = speed of the light in the vacuum; discovery of the blood group in 1909 by Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943) — German hematologist; the flight of the helicopter in 1909 by Ihor I. Sikorsky (1889-1972) — Ukrainian aircraft and helicopter constructor; realization of the television transmission (1928) by Borys P. Hrabovsky (1901-66) — Ukrainian physicist; invention in 1928 of the heart-lung machine by Sergei S. Briukhonenko (1890-1960) — Russian and Ukrainian physiologist; establishment that the cause for rejection of the transplanted kidney is immunological incompatibility of the recipient body towards the foreign organ (1929) and the kidney transplantation in human (1935) by Yuriy Yu. Voronyj (1895-1961) — Ukrainian surgeon; perfomance on himself the right-sided heart catheterization in 1929 by Werner Forssmann (1904-79) — German physician; the nuclear fision performed on Oct. 22, 1932 by Kyryl D. Synelnykov (1901-66), Oleksandr L. Leitunsky (1903-72), Anton K. Walter (1905-65) and Heorhii D. Latyshev (1907-73) — Ukrainian physicists, and later in 1938 by Otto Hahn (1879-1968) — German chemist; discovery of nuclear paramagnetism by Lev V. Shubnykov (1901-37) and Borys H. Lazariev (1906-2001) — Ukrainian physicist; the provision of an influential formalization of the concept of the algorithm and computation (1936) by Alan M. Turing (1912-54) — English mathematician and computer scientist, that led Konrad Zuse (1910-945) — German engineer, to build the working computer (1941) and the computer based on magnetic storage (1955); discovery of the the first semiconductive light emitting diode (LED) in 1941 by Vadym Ye. Lashkariov (1903-74) — Ukrainian physicist; construction of the nuclear reactor in 1942 by Enrico Fermi (1901-54) — Jewish physicist; introduction of the antibiotic (streptomycin, 1943) by Selman A Waksman (1888-1973) — Ukrainian and American microbiologist of Jewish descend; discovery in 1953 of the molecular structure of nucleic acids by James D. Watson (1928) and Francis H.C. Crick (1916-2004) — American biologists and Maurice H.F. Wilkins (1916-2004) — New Zealand biologist; clinical application of the heart-lung machine in 1953 by John Gibbon, Jr (1903-73) — American cardiac surgeon; launching the Earth’s satellite «suputnyk» (1957) and the manned spacecraft around the orbit of the Earth (1961) by Serhii P. Korolyov (1906-66) — Ukrainian designer of missiles, rockets, space satellites and spacecrafts; the clinical heart transplantation Remove one parenthesis!>((HT, 1967) by Christiaan N. Yu. Barnard (1895-1961) — South African cardiac surgeon; by utilizing developed in 1929 by Yurii V. Kondratiuk (1897-1942) — Ukrainian space scientist, the trajectory for the flight of the astronauts into the space («the Kondratiuk’s route») and the temporary separation of the lunal module with a man from the mother spacecraft around the Moon’s orbit for soft landing on the Moon, then its re-union with the mother spacecraft around the Moon’s orbit and return to the Earth («the Kondratiuk’s method»), Werner von Braun (1912-77) — German and American rockets designer, was able to land the American astronauts on the Moon (July 21, 1969). On the background of the previous epochal events, and those of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21th century, that the book «A Surgeons Universe» by Andrew S. Olearchyk, the 1st Ed. (2003), the 2nd Ed. (2006) and the 3rd Ed. (2010), describes his life and knowledge by either hearing about or by witnessing them. Born in Western Ukrainian town of Peremyshl, which together with the rest of Ukraine was the epicentre (epicentrum) of WW-1 and WW-2, where first the struggle took place between from one side Empire of Austro-Hungary and Empire of Germany, and on the other side – Imperial Russia, and then between the two most criminal political systems – Russian Bolshevik- Communists totalitarian regime and Nazi Germany. He hear from direct wittnesses about the 2nd Ukrainian Famine (Holodomor) – Genocide of 1932-33, seen soldiers of the Ukrainian Front (UF) entering Peremyshl in Sept. 1939, hardly survived the onslaught of the Wehrmacht against the positions of the UF in Peremyshl in June of 1941, witnessed the Jewish childred in the Peremyshl Ghetto begging for food and catching the people on streets of Peremysh by Gestapo to be deported to Germany for work, and finally seeing in Aug. of 1944 the brave and victorious soldiers the 1st UF entering Peremyshl.
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About the Book
The book «A Surgeon’s Universe» is composed of a unique form intermediate between encyclopaedia, memoirs, medicine and documented reportage. It encompasses data about the Universe, geography of the Earth and Europe as applied to their history, as well as to the history of Ukraine, including the fate of the Ukrainian (Rus’) Peremyshl (in Polish – Przemysl) Principality (UPP) from antiquity, that is [id est (i.e.)] approximately 500 thousand years before Christ (BC), through the year of 2010. On the background of historical events are described the achievements of Ukrainians in the domains of culture, science, medicine and sport. Also, the author includes numerous clinical observations, the contribution of others and his own to general surgery, anesthesiology, thoracic and cardiovascular vascular surgery (TCVS). The book contains 1757 p., 2352 figures (fig.), each with subtitle in Ukrainian and English and I-XX tabl., is written in Ukrainian, with some parts in English, Russian, German and Polish.
About the Author
Andrew S. Olearchyk was born on December (Dec.) 3, 1935 in Peremyshl (in Polish – Przemysl), Western Ukraine, since 1945 – Subcarpathian (SC) Voivodeship (Voi.) in the South-Eastern Poland. Education began in Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Elementary School (1942-45), and Saint (St.) Stanislaw Kostka Public School No. 1 [September (Sep.) 1945 - April (Apr.) 1946] in Peremyshl and in Elementary School No. 2 (May 1946 – June 1949) in Starachowice, Holy Cross Voi., Poland. After completion of the General Study School (GSS) in the Lyceum degree, receiving the Certificate of Maturity with distinction (1949-53) in Starachowice, studied on the Medical Division of the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland, graduating with the degree of physician (doctor) of medicine (1953-61). Simultaneously, from the 5th semester of the Medical University of Warsaw, began to learn the forgotten since Sep. 1945 Ukrainian language, and then researched and published papers about medicine and health welfare in Ukraine. Susequently, completed rotating intership receiving the rights to perform the profession of physician (1961-62) in the City Hospital in Starachowice, training with certification for the 1st degree specialization in anesthesiology (1962-64) and general surgery (1962-65) at City Hospital in Starachowice and at the Voivodeship Hospital in Kielce, HC Voi., Poland. Then he began to write papers about the clinical experience in general surgery (including urology) and anesthesiology, renewed publishing papers about Ukrainian medicine and health welfare. In November (Nov.) 19, 1966 arrived in the United States of America (USA), where completed rotating intership in Memorial Hospital (MH, 1967-68), Pawtucket, Rhode Island, a residency in general surgery (1968-73) at Graduate Hospital (GH), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (PA) and at Geisinger Medical Center (GMC), Danville, PA, and in TCVS at Charlotte Memorial Hospital (CMH, July- Dec. 1977), Charlotte, North Carolina (NC) and Allegheny General Hospital (AGH, 1980-82), Pittsburgh, PA. Continuously, since the beginning of surgical residency in GMC (July 1970) engaged himself in the clinical research in general surgery and TCVS, history of Ukrainian medicine and health welfare, producing numerous papers and monographies. Licensed to practice medicine and surgery in PA (1970-75), Ohio (OH, 1975-77), NC (1977-) and New Jersey (NJ, 1978-). After completion of writen and oral examinations became certified (diplomate) by the American Board of Surgery (ABS, 1976-87) and the American Board of Thoracic (and Cardiac) Surgery (ABTS, 1983-); practiced general surgery in Philadelphia (1973-75), PA and Dayton, OH (1975-77), TCVS – in NJ and Philadelphia, PA (1982-). Fellow of the American College of Surgeons (FACS, 1984-) and Honorary Member of the Association of Cardiovascular Surgeons (ACVS) of Ukraine (1996-). Wrote 208 publications, including papers, monographies and books; contributed to the knowledge of general surgery (and urology), anesthesiology, TCVS; introduced his own techniques or its modifications into cardiac and vascular surgery. Some of the author achievements in TCVS are a protective insertion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) filter followed by iliofemoral venous thrombectomy for ischemic venous thrombosis (1986); endartererectomy of the ascending and transverse aorta (ATA, 1987-2003) and of abdominal aorta and ilio-femoral arteries (1987-1989); radical pneumonectomy with a partial left atriectomy for non-small carcinoma of the lung with invasion of the left atrium (LA, 1987-1991); pneumonectomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy for small-cell carcinoma of the lung (1989); left ventricular (LV) endoaneurysmorrhaphy with revascularization of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery or its diagonal branch (1993); coronary artery bypass (CAB) using the internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts in patients with atheromatous ATA on a beating heart with pharmacologically induced bradycardia (1994); endoaneurysmal repair of a congenital aneurysm of the aortic sinus (1995); repair of congenital bilateral coronary to pulmonary artery fistulas (CPAF) on a beating heart (1996); repair of the pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta (AA) on a beating heart, supported by a partial cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB, 1997); vertical reduction aortoplasty (VRA) of the AA aneurysm with distal synthetic wrapping (2003-2004); mimicking of the subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) due to stenosis of the proximal vertebral arteries (VA) and of the middle and distal right subclavian artery (SCA) treated by the right-sided patch angioplasty of the VA and carotid-axillary artery bypass (2004). He is married to Renata M. Sharan [October (Oct.) 2, 1943, Lviv, Ukraine-], Master of Arts (MA), on June 26, 1971 in Philadelphia, PA. Their children are Christina (Sep. 15, 1972, Philadelphia, PA-], MA, Roman (June 12, 1974, Philadelphia, PA-) and Adrian (May 27, 1976, Philadelphia, PA-), grandchildren – Yulia (June 19, 2003, Lviv, Ukraine-), Sophia (July 13, 2005, Voorhees, NJ-), Maria (Dec. 23-29, 2005, Voorhees, NJ), Melania [January (Jan.) 28, 2007, Voorhees, NJ-], Ivanna [(February (Feb.) 8, 2007, Voorhees, NJ-], Victoria (May 7, 2008, Voorhees, NJ-), Gregory (Sep.13, 2008, Voorhees, NJ-), David (Jan. 9, 2009, Lviv, Ukraine-) and Gabriel (June 1, 2010, Voorhees, NJ-); enjoys vegetarian food, sport – running 5 miles once or twice a week, swimming and skiing. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------* Cardiothoracic Surgery Network (CTSNet), Incorporated (Inc.), Baltimore, Maryland (MD), USA (http://www.ctsnet.org/home/aolearchyk).